Breast cancer screening is a very crucial part of a woman’s health assessment. By 2050, the global prevalence of breast cancer is predicted to increase by up to 40%. A promising fact shows that the 5-year survival rate is estimated to be around 95% when detected in Stage 1. This emphasises the importance of early screening and diagnosis.
Breast imaging detects abnormalities in breast tissue like lumps or cysts. The two commonly used imaging techniques are mammogram and ultrasound imaging. So, how can you choose the best option for you? We have simplified the working principles of both ultrasound and mammogram to help you choose the right option.
Breast Cancer Screening: Why Is It Important?
The female gender itself is the strongest risk factor for breast cancer. WHO states that 99% of breast cancer cases occur in women, whereas only 0.5-1% cases occur in men. Several other factors that enhance the risk of developing breast cancer include age, obesity, family history of cancer, alcohol consumption, smoking, reproductive history, and postmenopausal hormone therapy.
Early breast cancer screening ensures better prognosis. Regular breast self-examination is important but cannot be relied on as the only detection method. Women over 40 should undergo an annual clinical breast examination done. Advanced screening methods have significantly reduced mortality rates by helping to identify cancers in the treatable stage.
Breast Cancer – Signs And Symptoms To Watch Out For:
Breast cancer shows a combination of signs, becoming more prominent as it advances. Some of the signs and symptoms you need to look out for include:
- A lump or thickening in the breast, maybe painful or painless.
- A change in the size, shape, and appearance of the breast.
- Skin changes like redness, dimpling, or pitting.
- Any changes in the appearance of the nipple or areola.
- Any abnormal or bloody discharge from the nipple.
How Does Mammogram Work?
Mammograms are the gold standard when it comes to breast cancer screening and are used in early detection of abnormalities in breast tissue that may not be observed during a physical examination.
In a mammogram, the breast is gently compressed between two plates to spread the tissue. It then uses low-dose radiation to capture clear images of the breast tissue.
Pros of Mammogram:
- Useful routine screening tool in women over 40.
- Detects small growths and microcalcifications in the breast tissue.
- Detects asymmetries and distortions.
- Quick procedure, with mild, short-lived discomfort.
Cons of Mammogram:
- Does not work well for women with dense breast tissue.
- Cannot always clearly distinguish between solid lumps and fluid-filled cysts.
- Risk of low-dose radiation exposure with frequent screenings; however, the benefit of early cancer detection outweighs this risk.
How Does Breast Ultrasound Work?
Breast ultrasound is a painless, radiation-free imaging technique that uses sound waves to produce accurate images of the breasts’ internal tissues.
An ultrasound probe is moved across the skin of the breast with a gel applied for an air-free medium. The probe emits sound waves that will bounce off the breast tissues. These echoes are then converted by computer software into corresponding real-time images.
Pros of Ultrasound:
- Clearly differentiates between solid masses and fluid-filled cysts.
- Effective for women with dense breast tissue.
- Identifies any abnormal changes in axillary lymph nodes.
- Safe option for pregnant or lactating women.
- Delivers real-time images, enabling quick diagnostic decisions.
Cons of Ultrasound:
- Microcalcifications, one of the earliest signs of breast cancer, cannot be detected.
- Often provide only partial imaging, leading to inaccurate results.
- High incidences of false positives.
Mammogram Or Breast Ultrasound: How To Choose?
The choice between Mammogram and Breast Ultrasound depends on several factors.
Mammogram is recommended as the primary screening tool in the following cases:
- Women aged 40 and above.
- Family history of breast cancer.
- As a follow-up after an abnormal physical examination.
Ultrasound imaging is suggested in the following scenarios:
Women aged 40 and below.
- Dense breast tissue.
- Pregnancy or Lactation.
- Palpable lump not visualised properly by mammogram.
- For guidance while performing biopsies.
Mammogram should be your primary screening tool and any abnormal detection with it should be investigated further with an ultrasound for total evaluation of your breast health. On mammogram, both normal breast tissue and cancerous tissue appear white in colour and are indistinguishable. On an ultrasound scan, these tissues are not the same color, making it easier to detect small cancers hidden deep in the breast tissue.
Benefits of Combining Mammogram and Ultrasound Imaging:
- Higher cancer detection rates.
- Better imaging in dense breast tissues.
- Unnecessary biopsies can be avoided.
- Detailed evaluation, covering all aspects.
Key Takeaway
Choosing the right diagnostic tool for breast health screening depends on several factors like age, family history, and tissue density.
Mammograms are the gold standard for routine screening and early detection. Ultrasound helps to clarify mammogram findings and is used as a guide during biopsies. The right approach is to opt for a mammogram first and then follow it up with an ultrasound in case of any abnormal findings.
Early screening can uncover hidden abnormalities, paving the way for a good chance of beating cancer. A simple, informed choice will take you a long way down the path of health and wellness.
