CBC is a commonly performed lab blood test to diagnose various blood-related and general health conditions. It is a part of a regular health check-up, but it’s prescribed for symptoms like
- Fatigue
- Fever
- Weight Loss
- Bruising
- Bleeding
CBC test shows the following components in blood
A Complete Blood Count (CBC) test is a common blood test that provides important information about various components of your blood. The CBC test typically includes the following components:
- Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count: This measures the number of red blood cells in a given volume of blood. It helps assess the oxygen-carrying capacity of your blood.
- Hemoglobin (Hb) Level: Hemoglobin is a protein present in red blood cells that carries oxygen throughout the body.
- Hematocrit (Hct) Level: Hematocrit measures the percentage of red blood cells in the total blood volume. It helps determine the blood’s viscosity and hydration status.
- White Blood Cell (WBC) Count: WBCs are cells of the immune system that defend the body against infections. The WBC count reveals the number of cells in a specific volume of blood.
- Platelet Count: Platelets are responsible for blood clotting. Platelet count measures the number of these small cells in the blood.
- Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV): MCV reflects the average size of your red blood cells. It aids in diagnosing different types of anemia.
- Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH): MCH measures the average amount of hemoglobin in each red blood cell. It helps evaluate the oxygen-carrying capacity of the cells.
- Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC): MCHC indicates the concentration of hemoglobin in red blood cells. It assists in diagnosing various types of anemia.
- Red Cell Distribution Width (RDW): RDW indicates the variation in size and shape of red blood cells. It can also provide information about certain types of anemia.
Types of White Blood Cells
Following are the types of White Blood Cells
- Neutrophils: A type of white blood cells produced by the bone marrow to fight various infections
- Lymphocytes: Two main types of lymphocytes such as B-cells and T-cells found primarily in the lymph system fight bacteria and other pathogens.
- Monocytes: Monocytes fight infections and remove damaged or dead cells.
- Eosinophils: Activated in response to allergies and some types of infections.
- Basophils: Helps fight early identification of infections as well as wound repair and allergic reactions.
What are the normal levels of CBC Test?
The normal levels of a Complete Blood Count (CBC) test can vary slightly depending on factors such as age, sex, and individual health conditions. However, here are the general reference ranges of the key parameters measured in a CBC test:
Red Blood Cells (RBC): 4.5 to 5.5 million cells per microliter (mcL)
Hemoglobin (Hb): 12 to 17.5 grams per deciliter (g/dL)
Hematocrit (Hct): 35% to 50.0%
White Blood Cells (WBC): 4,500 – 11,000 cells/mcL
Platelets: 150,000 – 450,000 cells/mcL
When you receive the results of your CBC test, it is recommended to consult with your doctor who can interpret the results in the context of your health specifically and provide appropriate treatment if needed.
When is the CBC test recommended?
CBC is generally recommended to diagnose blood related conditions and disorders, particularly anemia. It is also recommended as a routine exam to check your health. Following are the symptoms that may require a CBC test include
- Bruising or bleeding.
- Fatigue, dizziness or weakness.
- Fever, nausea and vomiting.
- Swelling or Inflammation
- Joint pain
- Blood pressure
In addition to these standard components, a CBC test may include other parameters or indices that provide further insights into your blood health. It is a valuable tool for assessing overall health, detecting various conditions, and monitoring the effectiveness of treatments. However, it’s important to consult a healthcare professional for a thorough interpretation of your CBC results.